Phoebus Levene | Discoveries & Biography | Britannica ~ Lifestyle Awards

When Europeans first began sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, they were searching for new routes to China and the East, but what they found was more than they imagined: the New World. Learn more about some of the history's most famous explorers and their revolutionary discoveriesPhoebus Aaron Theodore Levene (25 February 1869 - 6 September 1940) was an American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids. Levene enrolled at Columbia University and in his spare time conducted biochemical research, publishing papers on the chemical...Levene discovered that the carbohydrate present in yeast nucleic acid was in fact ribose. But it wasn't until 20 years later that he identified the carbohydrate in thymus What is without doubt though, is that this brilliant chemist's groundbreaking research was a crucial part in the discovery of DNA structure.Learn about Tetra nucleotide hypothesis and the Pheobus levene in an animation #BiotechReview #ScientistsOfDNA.Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene MD 25 February 1869 6 September 1940 was an American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids.

Phoebus Levene Wiki

Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene was a Lithuanian biochemist emigrating to the United States. Levene studied DNA extensively and found that it contains The right answer is identification of ribose and deoxyribose. Levene proved in 1900 that nuclein was found in all types of animal cells analyzed.Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene was born in Sagor in Russia. He grew up in St. Petersburg and studied medicine at the Imperial Military Medical Phoebus Levene. He called each of these units a nucleotide, and stated that the DNA molecule consisted of a string of nucleotide units linked together...Phoebus Levene. Russian-American. Biochemist,studied nearly every major class of organic compounds. Levene also demonstrated that nucleic acids were formed by various components linking together. Rachael Beck. *Levene coined the term nucleotide.Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene (25 February 1869 - 6 September 1940) was an American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids. He characterized the different forms of nucleic acid, DNA from RNA, and found that DNA contained adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine...

DNA Structure: The Discovery of Nucleic Acid Structure - Bright Hub

Discovery of nucleic acids components. Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene (25 February 1869 - 6 September 1940) was an American biochemist who Levene enrolled at Columbia University and in his spare time conducted biochemical research, publishing papers on the chemical structure of sugars.Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene was an American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acids. He characterized the different forms of nucleic acid, DNA from RNA, and found that DNA contained adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, deoxyribose, and a phosphate group.[citation...Biography of Phoebus Levene from Concept 15: DNA and proteins are key molecules of the cell nucleus, DNA from the Beginning. Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene was born in Sagor in Russia. He grew up in St. Petersburg and studied medicine at the Imperial Military Medical Academy.Phoebus Levene. Levene was the first to discover the order of the three major components of a single nucleotide Levene proposed what he called a tetranucleotide structure, in which the nucleotides were always linked in the same order (i.e., G-C-T-A-G-C-T-A and so on).Discovery of nucleic acids components. Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene (25 February 1869 - 6 September 1940) was an American biochemist who Levene enrolled at Columbia University and in his spare time conducted biochemical research, publishing papers on the chemical structure of sugars.

Jump to navigation Jump to search Not to be at a loss for words with Phoebus Levine, German painter. Phoebus LevenePhoebus LeveneBornFebruary 25, 1869DiedSeptember 6, 1940 (elderly 71)NationalityAmericanIdentified forDiscovery of nucleic acids parts Structural formula of a proposed tetranucleotide, later shown to be unsuitable. It was proposed by way of Phoebus Levene round 1910

Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene (25 February 1869 – 6 September 1940) was once an American biochemist who studied the construction and function of nucleic acids. He characterised the different forms of nucleic acid, DNA from RNA, and located that DNA contained adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, deoxyribose, and a phosphate crew.

He was born into a Litvak (Lithuanian Jewish) family as Fishel Rostropovich Levin in the the town of Žagarė in Lithuania, then a part of the Russian Empire, however grew up in St. Petersburg. There he studied drugs on the Imperial Military Medical Academy (M.D., 1891) and developed an passion in biochemistry. In 1893, as a result of anti-Semitic pogroms, he and his circle of relatives emigrated to the United States and he practiced medication in New York City.

Levene enrolled at Columbia University and in his spare time performed biochemical research, publishing papers at the chemical structure of sugars. In 1896 he used to be appointed as an Associate within the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals, however he had to take time off to recover from tuberculosis. During this era, he worked with several chemists, including Albrecht Kossel and Emil Fischer, who had been the experts in proteins.

In 1905, Levene was once appointed as head of the biochemical laboratory on the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research. He spent the remainder of his career at this institute, and it was there that he known the components of DNA. In 1909, Levene and Walter Jacobs in 1909 recognised

d-ribose as a natural product and a vital part of nucleic acids.[1][2][3] They also recognised that the unnatural sugar that Emil Fischer and Oscar Piloty had reported in 1891[4] used to be the enantiomer of d-ribose.[3] Levene went on to uncover deoxyribose in 1929.[5] Not simplest did Levene identify the parts of DNA, he additionally confirmed that the parts had been connected together within the order phosphate-sugar-base to form units. He called each of these gadgets a nucleotide, and stated that the DNA molecule consisted of a string of nucleotide gadgets linked in combination in the course of the phosphate groups, which are the 'backbone' of the molecule. His ideas in regards to the structure of DNA have been improper; he idea there have been only 4 nucleotides according to molecule. He even declared that it would no longer retailer the genetic code because it used to be chemically a ways too easy. However, his paintings was a key foundation for the later work that determined the structure of DNA. Levene published over 700 original papers and articles on biochemical buildings. Levene died in 1940, prior to the actual importance of DNA became clear.

Levene is known for his "tetranucleotide hypothesis" (formulated round 1910) which first proposed that DNA was once made up of equivalent quantities of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Before the later work of Erwin Chargaff, it was broadly thought that DNA used to be organized into repeating "tetranucleotides" in a way that would not elevate genetic information. Instead, the protein component of chromosomes was thought to be the foundation of heredity; most research on the bodily nature of the gene thinking about proteins, and in particular enzymes and viruses, sooner than the Nineteen Forties.[6]

Notes

^ .mw-parser-output cite.quotationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"\"""\"""'""'".mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")correct 0.1em center/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:linear-gradient(clear,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")appropriate 0.1em center/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")appropriate 0.1em center/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolour:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:lend a hand.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")correct 0.1em heart/12px no-repeat.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolour:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errorshow:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintshow:none;colour:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflinkfont-weight:inheritLevene, P. A.; Jacobs, W. A. (1909). "Über Inosinsäure" [About inosic acid]. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 42 (1): 1198–1203. doi:10.1002/cber.190904201196. ^ Levene, P. A.; Jacobs, W. A. (1909). "Über die Pentose in den Nucleinsäuren" [About the pentose within the nucleic acids]. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 42 (3): 3247–3251. doi:10.1002/cber.19090420351. ^ a b Jeanloz, Roger W.; Fletcher, Hewitt G. (1951). "The Chemistry of Ribose". In Hudson, Claude S.; Cantor, Sidney M. (eds.). Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry. 6. Academic Press. pp. 135–174. doi:10.1016/S0096-5332(08)60066-1. ISBN 9780080562650. PMID 14894350. ^ Fischer, Emil; Piloty, Oscar (1891). "Ueber eine neue Pentonsäure und die zweite inactive Trioxyglutarsäure" [About a brand new pentonic acid and the second inactive trioxyglutaric acid]. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). 24 (2): 4214–4225. doi:10.1002/cber.189102402322. ^ Frixione, Eugenio; Ruiz-Zamparripa, Lourdes (2019). "The "medical disaster" in nucleic acids research that boosted molecular biology". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 294 (7): 2249–2255. doi:10.1074/jbc.CL119.007397. PMC 6378961. PMID 30765511. ^ Kay, Lily E. (1992). The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology. Oxford University Press. pp. 104–116. ISBN 0-19-505812-7.

References

Tipson RS (1957). "Phoebus Aaron Theodor Levene, 1869–1940". Adv Carbohydr Chem. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry. 12: 1–12. doi:10.1016/s0096-5332(08)60202-7. ISBN 9780120072125. PMID 13617111.

references for the discovery of ribose and deoxyribose:

See P. A. Levene and L. W. Bass, Nucleic Acids, The Chemical Catalog Co., NY, 1931, pp 24 (deoxyribose) and 131 (ribose). Acids

External links

Levene PA, La Forge FB (April 1915). "On Chondrosamine". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1 (4): 190–1. Bibcode:1915PNAS....1..190L. doi:10.1073/pnas.1.4.190. PMC 1090774. PMID 16575974. Simoni RD, Hill RL, Vaughan M (31 May 2002). "The Structure of Nucleic Acids and Many Other Natural Products: Phoebus Aaron Levene". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (22): e11. This quick article through Simoni, et al. mentions scientific contributions including the paper: Levene PA (1919). "The Structure of Yeast Nucleic Acid: IV. Ammonia Hydrolysis" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 40 (2): 415–424. National Academy of Sciences Biographical MemoirvteDiscovery of the DNA Double Helix William Astbury Oswald Avery Florence Bell Francis Crick Erwin Chargaff Jerry Donohue Rosalind Franklin Raymond Gosling Phoebus Levene Sir John Randall Alec Stokes James Watson Maurice Wilkins Herbert Wilson Authority regulate BNF: cb102455347 (knowledge) GND: 141806389 ISNI: 0000 0001 0965 9133 LCCN: n90672223 NTA: 19493554X PLWABN: 9810540286705606 SNAC: w6sf2zd5 SUDOC: 120023849 VIAF: 41002714 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n90672223 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phoebus_Levene&oldid=1009990862"