5.6: Cell Organelles - Biology LibreTexts ~ Lifestyle Awards

Organelles make up the subunits of a cell. There are numerous each with their own function. Compared to some of the other organelles, mitochondria contain DNA which makes them Using their DNA, mitochondria are able to encode for some of the components they require to perform their...In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are Under this definition, there would only be two broad classes of organelles (i.e. those that contain their own DNA, and have originated...There are organelles that have their own DNA apart from the nucleus and are suggested to have originated from endosymbiotic bacteria according to They are surrounded by a cell membrane and further enveloped by a plant cell wall. Some references are strict in their definition of an organelle...The plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuole—structures not found in In eukaryotes, the cytoplasm also includes membrane-bound organelles, which are suspended in the Mitochondria are oval-shaped, double membrane organelles (Figure 5) that have their own DNA and...Mitochondria are organelles and have no organelles of their own. They are inside a cell with other membrane bound organelles. They do have DNA, but it is not organized into a true nucleus with a nuclear envelope around it.An organelle in a cells is similar to an organ in a human.

Organelle - Wikipedia

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA….but sometime conventionally we use to say nucleus as a cell organelles and u can said nucleus is also an organelles having DNA….but mostly we said mitochondria and chloroplasts is the organelles which have there own DNA. 482 views ·....actually have their own DNA and all of your mitochondrial DNA come from your mother and so that's actually very interesting for tracing maternal lineage but organelles in eukaryotic cells and to be clear even if I were to show all of the membrane-bound structures that's not all the complexity of a...The eukaryotic cell organelles that possess their own DNA and ribosomes are only chloroplast and mitochondria. They have 70S ribosomes and single circular chromosome just like prokaryotes. This has an evolutionary significance.They function on their own, creating their own energy and self-replicating — the cell is the smallest Despite their differences, they often share certain structures; these are referred to as organelles The nucleus contains the majority of the cell's DNA (a small amount is housed in the mitochondria, see...

Organelle - Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictionary

Known as the cell's "command center," the nucleus is a large organelle that stores the cell's DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The "powerhouses" of the cell, mitochondria are oval-shaped organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. As the site of cellular respiration, mitochondria serve to transform...A: Mitosis is a mode of cell division in which a cell divides into two cells. During this phase, the cell will copy its DNA in preparatio... question_answer. Q: How do red blood cells with normal hemoglobin differ in shape from those with the abnormal form of h...The cell organelles that posses their own DNA are Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. Due , to presence of Own DNA and ribosomes,they can self replicate and translate proteins. ✨ Mitochondria is the cell organelle that performs cellular respiration. ✨It is called as Powerhouse of the cell.Mitochondria are complex organelles that convert energy from food into a form that the cell can use. They have their own genetic material, separate from It also houses DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the cell's hereditary material. The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope...has its own DNA & Ribosomes, makes its own proteins, and is able to replicate on its own. which organelle produces the molecule ATP that is required by all cells? What type of cells generally possess a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in the cytoplasm, each with a specific function?

Jump to navigation Jump to go looking OrganelleDetailsPronunciation/ɔːrɡəˈnɛl/Part ofCellIdentifiersLatinOrganellaMeSHD015388THH1.00.01.0.00009 FMA63832Anatomical phrases of microanatomy

In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, normally within a cell, that has a particular function. The name organelle comes from the idea that these buildings are parts of cells, as organs are to the frame, hence organelle, the suffix -elle being a diminutive. Organelles are both separately enclosed inside of their own lipid bilayers (also called membrane-bound organelles) or are spatially distinct useful gadgets without a surrounding lipid bilayer (non-membrane bound organelles). Although maximum organelles are useful gadgets within cells, some purposeful gadgets that reach outdoor of cells are regularly termed organelles, comparable to cilia, the flagellum and archaellum, and the trichocyst.

Organelles are recognized by microscopy, and can also be purified by cell fractionation. There are many sorts of organelles, particularly in eukaryotic cells. They come with buildings that make up the internal endomembrane system (such because the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi equipment), and other constructions equivalent to mitochondria and plastids. While prokaryotes don't possess eukaryotic organelles, some do include protein-shelled bacterial microcompartments, which are concept to act as primitive prokaryotic organelles;[1] and there may be proof of different membrane-bounded constructions.[2] Also, the prokaryotic flagellum which protrudes out of doors the cell, and its motor, in addition to the largely extracellular pilus, are regularly spoken of as organelles.

History and terminology

Cell biologyAnimal cell diagramComponents of a conventional animal cell: Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosome (dots as part of 5) Vesicle Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus (or, Golgi frame) Cytoskeleton Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Vacuole Cytosol (fluid that incorporates organelles; with which, accommodates cytoplasm) Lysosome Centrosome Cell membrane

In biology organs are outlined as confined useful gadgets inside an organism.[3] The analogy of physically organs to microscopic cellular substructures is obvious, as from even early works, authors of respective textbooks hardly elaborate on the distinction between the two.

In the 1830s, Félix Dujardin refuted Ehrenberg principle which mentioned that microorganisms have the similar organs of multicellular animals, best minor.[4]

Credited as the primary[5][6][7] to make use of a diminutive of organ (i.e., little organ) for cell buildings was once German zoologist Karl August Möbius (1884), who used the term organula (plural of organulum, the diminutive of Latin organum).[8] In a footnote, which was revealed as a correction in the subsequent issue of the magazine, he justified his recommendation to name organs of unicellular organisms "organella" since they're best another way shaped portions of one cell, in contrast to multicellular organs of multicellular organisms.[8][9]

Types

While most cell biologists imagine the term organelle to be synonymous with cell compartment, a space often certain via one or two lipid bilayers, some cell biologists select to restrict the time period to include best those cell compartments that contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), having originated from previously self reliant microscopic organisms obtained by the use of endosymbiosis.[10][11][12]

Under this definition, there would simplest be two large categories of organelles (i.e. those who include their own DNA, and have originated from endosymbiotic micro organism):

mitochondria (in virtually all eukaryotes) plastids[13] (e.g. in crops, algae, and a few protists).

Other organelles are also urged to have endosymbiotic origins, but don't include their own DNA (particularly the flagellum – see evolution of flagella).

A 2d, much less restrictive definition of organelles is that they're membrane-bound constructions. However, even through using this definition, some portions of the cell which were proven to be distinct useful gadgets do not qualify as organelles. Therefore, the use of organelle to additionally check with non-membrane bound structures such as ribosomes is not unusual and authorized.[14][15][16] This has led many texts to delineate between membrane-bound and non-membrane certain organelles.[17] The non-membrane bound organelles, also referred to as large biomolecular complexes, are huge assemblies of macromolecules that perform specific and specialised purposes, but they lack membrane obstacles. Many of these are known as "proteinaceous organelles" as their main construction is made of proteins. Such cell structures come with:

huge RNA and protein complexes: ribosome, spliceosome, vault large protein complexes: proteasome, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, symmetric viral capsids, complex of GroEL and GroES; membrane protein complexes: porosome, photosystem I, ATP synthase massive DNA and protein complexes: nucleosome centriole and microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) cytoskeleton flagellum nucleolus tension granule germ cell granule neuronal transport granule

The mechanisms by means of which such non-membrane bound organelles form and retain their spatial integrity had been likened to liquid-liquid phase separation.[18]

Eukaryotic organelles

Eukaryotic cells are structurally complex, and by way of definition are arranged, in part, via internal compartments that are themselves enclosed by means of lipid membranes that resemble the outermost cell membrane. The larger organelles, such because the nucleus and vacuoles, are simply visible with the light microscope. They have been a number of the first organic discoveries made after the discovery of the microscope.

Not all eukaryotic cells have every of the organelles indexed under. Exceptional organisms have cells that do not come with some organelles that would possibly otherwise be regarded as universal to eukaryotes (comparable to mitochondria).[19] There also are occasional exceptions to the number of membranes surrounding organelles, indexed within the tables underneath (e.g., some that are listed as double-membrane are sometimes found with single or triple membranes). In addition, the quantity of individual organelles of each type found in a given cell varies depending upon the function of that cell.

Major eukaryotic organelles Organelle Main function Structure Organisms Notes cell membrane separates the inner of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space) which protects the cell from its atmosphere. two-dimensional liquid all eukaryotes cell wall The cell wall is a rigid construction composed of cellulose that gives shape to the cell, is helping keep the organelles throughout the cell, and does now not let the cell burst from osmotic force. cellulose plants, protists, rare kleptoplastic organisms chloroplast (plastid) photosynthesis, traps power from sunlight double-membrane compartment crops, protists, rare kleptoplastic organisms has own DNA; theorized to be engulfed by the ancestral eukaryotic cell (endosymbiosis) endoplasmic reticulum translation and folding of new proteins (rough endoplasmic reticulum), expression of lipids (easy endoplasmic reticulum) single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes tough endoplasmic reticulum is roofed with ribosomes, has folds that are flat sacs; easy endoplasmic reticulum has folds which are tubular flagellum locomotion, sensory protein some eukaryotes Golgi equipment sorting, packaging, processing and amendment of proteins single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes cis-face (convex) nearest to rough endoplasmic reticulum; trans-face (concave) farthest from rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion power manufacturing from the oxidation of glucose components and the discharge of adenosine triphosphate double-membrane compartment maximum eukaryotes constituting element of the chondriome; has own DNA; theorized to had been engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell (endosymbiosis)[20]nucleus DNA upkeep, controls all activities of the cell, RNA transcription double-membrane compartment all eukaryotes accommodates bulk of genome vacuole storage, transportation, is helping take care of homeostasis single-membrane compartment eukaryotes

Mitochondria and plastids, together with chloroplasts, have double membranes and their own DNA. According to the endosymbiotic theory, they are believed to have originated from incompletely consumed or invading prokaryotic organisms.

Minor eukaryotic organelles and cell elements Organelle/Macromolecule Main serve as Structure Organisms acrosome helps spermatozoa fuse with ovum single-membrane compartment most animals autophagosome vesicle that sequesters cytoplasmic material and organelles for degradation double-membrane compartment all eukaryotes centriole anchor for cytoskeleton, organizes cell department via forming spindle fibers Microtubule protein animals cilium motion in or of external medium; "critical developmental signaling pathway".[21] Microtubule protein animals, protists, few vegetation cnidocyst stinging coiled hole tubule cnidarians eyespot apparatus detects mild, allowing phototaxis to take place inexperienced algae and other unicellular photosynthetic organisms reminiscent of euglenids glycosome carries out glycolysis single-membrane compartment Some protozoa, reminiscent of Trypanosomes. glyoxysome conversion of fat into sugars single-membrane compartment crops hydrogenosome energy & hydrogen manufacturing double-membrane compartment a few unicellular eukaryotes lysosome breakdown of huge molecules (e.g., proteins + polysaccharides) single-membrane compartment animals melanosome pigment storage single-membrane compartment animals mitosome most definitely performs a function in Iron-sulfur cluster (Fe-S) meeting double-membrane compartment a few unicellular eukaryotes that lack mitochondria myofibril myocyte contraction bundled filaments animals nucleolus pre-ribosome production protein-DNA-RNA maximum eukaryotes ocelloid detects light and perhaps shapes, allowing phototaxis to happen double-membrane compartment members of the family Warnowiaceae parenthesome no longer characterized no longer characterized fungi peroxisome breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes porosome secretory portal single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes proteasome degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins via proteolysis very huge protein complicated all eukaryotes, all archaea, and a few bacteria ribosome (80S) translation of RNA into proteins RNA-protein all eukaryotes tension granule mRNA garage[22] membraneless

(mRNP complexes)

maximum eukaryotes TIGER area mRNA encoding proteins membraneless most organisms vesicle material delivery single-membrane compartment all eukaryotes

Other related buildings:

cytosol endomembrane system nucleosome microtubule

Prokaryotic organelles

(A) Electron micrograph of Halothiobacillus neapolitanus cells, arrows spotlight carboxysomes. (B) Image of intact carboxysomes isolated from H. neapolitanus. Scale bars are 100 nm.[23] Structure of Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans, showing an anammoxosome and intracytoplasmic membrane

Prokaryotes aren't as structurally complex as eukaryotes, and had been as soon as concept as having little inner organization, and lack cell compartments and interior membranes; however slowly, details are emerging about prokaryotic inside structures that overturn those assumptions.[2] An early false flip was the speculation advanced in the Seventies that bacteria may include cell membrane folds termed mesosomes, however these were later proven to be artifacts produced by way of the chemical substances used to arrange the cells for electron microscopy.[24]

However, there is increasing evidence of compartmentalization in at least some prokaryotes.[2] Recent research has revealed that a minimum of some prokaryotes have microcompartments, similar to carboxysomes. These subcellular compartments are 100–200 nm in diameter and are enclosed by way of a shell of proteins.[1] Even extra putting is the description of membrane-bound magnetosomes in micro organism, reported in 2006.[25][26]

The bacterial phylum Planctomycetes has published a number of compartmentalization features. The Planctomycetes cell plan contains a intracytoplasmic membranes that separates the cytoplasm into paryphoplasm (an outer ribosome-free house) and pirellulosome (or riboplasm, an inner ribosome-containing space).[27] Membrane-bound anammoxosomes had been discovered in five Planctomycetes "anammox" genera, which carry out anaerobic ammonium oxidation.[28] In the Planctomycetes species Gemmata obscuriglobus, a nucleus-like structure surrounded by lipid membranes has been reported.[27][29]

Compartmentalization is a function of prokaryotic photosynthetic constructions.[2]Purple bacteria have "chromatophores", which are response facilities found in invaginations of the cell membrane.[2]Green sulfur micro organism have chlorosomes, which are photosynthetic antenna complexes discovered bonded to cell membranes.[2]Cyanobacteria have internal thylakoid membranes for light-dependent photosynthesis; studies have revealed that the cell membrane and the thylakoid membranes aren't steady with each other.[2]

Prokaryotic organelles and cell elements Organelle/macromolecule Main serve as Structure Organisms anammoxosome anaerobic ammonium oxidation ladderane lipid membrane "Candidatus" bacteria inside Planctomycetes carboxysome carbon fixation protein-shell bacterial microcompartment some bacteria chlorosome photosynthesis gentle harvesting advanced connected to cell membrane green sulfur micro organism flagellum motion in external medium protein filament some prokaryotes magnetosome magnetic orientation inorganic crystal, lipid membrane magnetotactic bacteria nucleoid DNA maintenance, transcription to RNA DNA-protein prokaryotes pilus Adhesion to different cells for conjugation or to a cast substrate to create motile forces. a hair-like appendage sticking out (regardless that partly embedded into) the plasma membrane prokaryotic cells plasmid DNA alternate circular DNA some micro organism ribosome (70S) translation of RNA into proteins RNA-protein micro organism and archaea thylakoid membranes photosynthesis photosystem proteins and pigments most commonly cyanobacteria

References

^ a b .mw-parser-output cite.quotationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .quotation qquotes:"\"""\"""'""'".mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")appropriate 0.1em middle/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")appropriate 0.1em center/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .quotation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:linear-gradient(transparent,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")correct 0.1em center/9px no-repeat.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:linear-gradient(clear,clear),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")correct 0.1em middle/12px no-repeat.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errorshow:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflinkfont-weight:inheritKerfeld CA, Sawaya MR, Tanaka S, Nguyen CV, Phillips M, Beeby M, Yeates TO (August 2005). "Protein structures forming the shell of primitive organelles". Science. 309 (5736): 936–8. Bibcode:2005Sci...309..936K. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1026.896. doi:10.1126/science.1113397. PMID 16081736. S2CID 24561197. ^ a b c d e f g Murat, Dorothee; Byrne, Meghan; Komeili, Arash (2010-10-01). "Cell Biology of Prokaryotic Organelles". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2 (10): a000422. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000422. PMC 2944366. PMID 20739411. ^ Peterson L (April 17, 2010). "Mastering the Parts of a Cell". Lesson Planet. Retrieved 2010-04-19. ^ Di Gregorio MA (2005). From Here to Eternity: Ernst Haeckel and Scientific Faith. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 218. ^ Bütschli O (1888). Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen u. Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band. Protozoa. Dritte Abtheilung: Infusoria und System der Radiolaria. p. 1412. Die Vacuolen sind demnach in strengem Sinne keine beständigen Organe oder O r g a n u l a (wie Möbius die Organe der Einzelligen im Gegensatz zu denen der Vielzelligen zu nennen vorschlug). ^ Ryder JA, ed. (February 1889). "Embryology: The Structure of the Human Spermatozoon". American Naturalist. 23: 184. It may most likely be of benefit to use the word organula here instead of organ, following a recommendation via Möbius. Functionally differentiated multicellular aggregates in multicellular forms or metazoa are in this sense organs, while, for functionally differentiated portions of unicellular organisms or for such differentiated portions of the unicellular germ-elements of metazoa, the diminutive organula is suitable. ^ Robin C, Pouchet G, Duval MM, Retterrer E, Tourneux F (1891). Journal de l'anatomie et de l. a. physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'homme et des animaux. F. Alcan. ^ a b Möbius Okay (September 1884). "Das Sterben der einzelligen und der vielzelligen Tiere. Vergleichend betrachtet". Biologisches Centralblatt. 4 (13, 14): 389–392, 448. Während die Fortpflanzungszellen der vielzelligen Tiere unthätig fortleben bis sie sich loslösen, wandern und entwickeln, treten die einzelligen Tiere auch durch die an der Fortpflanzung beteiligten Leibesmasse in Verkehr mit der Außenwelt und viele bilden sich dafür auch besondere Organula". Footnote on p. 448: "Die Organe der Heteroplastiden bestehen aus vereinigten Zellen. Da die Organe der Monoplastiden nur verschieden ausgebildete Teile e i n e r Zelle sind schlage ich vor, sie „Organula" zu nennen ^ Walker, Patrick (2009). Nuclear import of histone fold motif containing heterodimers by means of importin 13. Niedersächsische Staats-und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen. ^ Keeling PJ, Archibald JM (April 2008). "Organelle evolution: what's in a name?". Current Biology. 18 (8): R345-7. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.02.065. PMID 18430636. S2CID 11520942. ^ Imanian B, Carpenter KJ, Keeling PJ (March–April 2007). "Mitochondrial genome of a tertiary endosymbiont retains genes for electron transport proteins". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 54 (2): 146–53. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00245.x. PMID 17403155. S2CID 20393495. ^ Mullins C (2004). "Theory of Organelle Biogenesis: A Historical Perspective". The Biogenesis of Cellular Organelles. Springer Science+Business Media, National Institutes of Health. ISBN 978-0-306-47990-8. ^ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts Okay, Walter P. "The Genetic Systems of Mitochondria and Plastids". Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). ISBN 978-0-8153-3218-3. ^ Campbell NA, Reece JB, Mitchell LG (2002). Biology (sixth ed.). Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-8053-6624-2. ^ Nott TJ, Petsalaki E, Farber P, Jervis D, Fussner E, Plochowietz A, Craggs TD, Bazett-Jones DP, Pawson T, Forman-Kay JD, Baldwin AJ (March 2015). "Phase transition of a disordered nuage protein generates environmentally responsive membraneless organelles". Molecular Cell. 57 (5): 936–947. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.013. PMC 4352761. PMID 25747659. ^ Banani SF, Lee HO, Hyman AA, Rosen MK (May 2017). "Biomolecular condensates: organizers of cellular biochemistry". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 18 (5): 285–298. doi:10.1038/nrm.2017.7. PMC 7434221. PMID 28225081. ^ Cormack DH (1984). Introduction to Histology. Lippincott. ISBN 978-0-397-52114-2. ^ Brangwynne CP, Eckmann CR, Courson DS, Rybarska A, Hoege C, Gharakhani J, Jülicher F, Hyman AA (June 2009). "Germline P granules are liquid droplets that localize by controlled dissolution/condensation". Science. 324 (5935): 1729–32. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1729B. doi:10.1126/science.1172046. PMID 19460965. S2CID 42229928. ^ Fahey RC, Newton GL, Arrick B, Overdank-Bogart T, Aley SB (April 1984). "Entamoeba histolytica: a eukaryote without glutathione metabolism". Science. 224 (4644): 70–2. Bibcode:1984Sci...224...70F. doi:10.1126/science.6322306. PMID 6322306. ^ Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Morgan D, Raff MC, Roberts Okay, Walter P, Wilson JH, Hunt T (2014-11-18). Molecular biology of the cell (Sixth ed.). Garland Science. p. 679. ISBN 978-0815345244. ^ Badano JL, Mitsuma N, Beales PL, Katsanis N (September 2006). "The ciliopathies: an emerging class of human genetic disorders". Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. 7: 125–48. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610. PMID 16722803. ^ Anderson P, Kedersha N (March 2008). "Stress granules: the Tao of RNA triage". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 33 (3): 141–50. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.12.003. PMID 18291657. ^ Tsai Y, Sawaya MR, Cannon GC, Cai F, Williams EB, Heinhorst S, Kerfeld CA, Yeates TO (June 2007). "Structural analysis of CsoS1A and the protein shell of the Halothiobacillus neapolitanus carboxysome". PLOS Biology. 5 (6): e144. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050144. PMC 1872035. PMID 17518518. ^ Ryter A (January–February 1988). "Contribution of new cryomethods to a better knowledge of bacterial anatomy". Annales de l'Institut Pasteur. Microbiology. 139 (1): 33–44. doi:10.1016/0769-2609(88)90095-6. PMID 3289587. ^ Komeili A, Li Z, Newman DK, Jensen GJ (January 2006). "Magnetosomes are cell membrane invaginations organized by the actin-like protein MamK" (PDF). Science. 311 (5758): 242–5. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..242K. doi:10.1126/science.1123231. PMID 16373532. S2CID 36909813. ^ Scheffel A, Gruska M, Faivre D, Linaroudis A, Plitzko JM, Schüler D (March 2006). "An acidic protein aligns magnetosomes along a filamentous structure in magnetotactic bacteria". Nature. 440 (7080): 110–4. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..110S. doi:10.1038/nature04382. PMID 16299495. S2CID 4372846. ^ a b Lindsay, M. R.; Webb, R. I.; Strous, M; Jetten, M. S.; Butler, M. K.; Forde, R. J.; Fuerst, J. A. (2001). "Cell compartmentalisation in planctomycetes: Novel types of structural organisation for the bacterial cell". Archives of Microbiology. 175 (6): 413–29. doi:10.1007/s002030100280. PMID 11491082. S2CID 21970703. ^ Jetten, Mike S. M.; Niftrik, Laura van; Strous, Marc; Kartal, Boran; Keltjens, Jan T.; Op den Camp, Huub J. M. (2009-06-01). "Biochemistry and molecular biology of anammox bacteria". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 44 (2–3): 65–84. doi:10.1080/10409230902722783. PMID 19247843. S2CID 205694872. Retrieved 2020-08-03. ^ Fuerst JA (October 13, 2005). "Intracellular compartmentation in planctomycetes". Annual Review of Microbiology. 59: 299–328. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121258. PMID 15910279.

External links

Library sources about Organelle Resources on your library Media associated with Organelles at Wikimedia Commons Tree of Life undertaking: Eukaryotes Organelle DatabasesvteStructures of the cell / organellesEndomembrane device Cell membrane Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Parenthesome Autophagosome Vesicle Exosome Lysosome Endosome Phagosome Vacuole Acrosome Cytoplasmic granule Melanosome Microbody Glyoxysome Peroxisome Weibel–Palade frameCytoskeleton Microfilament Intermediate filament Microtubule Prokaryotic cytoskeleton Microtubule organizing middle Centrosome Centriole Basal body Spindle pole frame Myofibril Undulipodium Cilium Flagellum Axoneme Radial spoke Pseudopodium Lamellipodium FilopodiumEndosymbionts Mitochondrion Plastid Chloroplast Chromoplast Gerontoplast Leucoplast Amyloplast Elaioplast Proteinoplast TannosomeOther inside Nucleolus RNA Ribosome Spliceosome Vault Cytoplasm Cytosol Inclusions ProteasomeExternal Cell wall Extracellular matrix vteHierarchy of lifestyles Biosphere > Biome > Ecosystem > Biocenosis > Population > Organism > Organ device > Organ > Tissue > Cell > Organelle > Biomolecular advanced > Macromolecule > Biomolecule Authority regulate BNF: cb122529076 (knowledge) LCCN: sh85021661 MA: 168240541 NDL: 00569972 TH: H1.00.01.0.00009 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organelle&oldid=1016005079"